Closed games

Among the closed openings there are relatively symmetrical continuations associated with the moves 1. d4 d5 (Queen's Pawn Game).

The fight for the e4 square

The move 1...d5 hinders the advance e2-e4, but there are other ways to do this too.

The advance ...e7-e5

Another idea is to block the advance of White's "e" pawn and act against White's d4 pawn by means of e7-e5.

Other closed openings

Also belonging to the closed openings are those in which White does not hurry with the moves e2-e4 or d2-d4.